PSG has now claimed the prestigious cup on fourteen separate occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the match between the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger found the scoring early on.
Yet, Marseille fired twice late to take a surprise lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital leveler in the final moments to force the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving crucial attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all scored successfully for PSG to complete a convincing shootout win.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this competition for the 12th time in the past 13 years.